The 14 Pictish Tribes of Scotland

Each tribe not only governed a province but also had its distinct identity and cultural traits. Here’s a more detailed look at each:

1. Cait (or Cinid): The tribe of Cait, located in the far north of Scotland in modern-day Caithness and Sutherland, was known for its remote and rugged terrain. This geographical isolation likely contributed to the tribe’s distinct cultural practices. The coastline and inland areas offered a blend of fishing and limited agricultural opportunities.
2. Ce (or Circui): Occupying what would later become Mar and Buchan, the Ce tribe was situated in a region rich in natural resources. Their land included parts of the eastern Highlands, characterized by dense forests and fertile land, making it ideal for both agriculture and hunting.
3. Fib (or Fidach): The Fib tribe’s territory in present-day Fife was strategically positioned between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay. This location made it a vital trade and communication hub. Fife’s fertile plains also made it one of the agricultural centers of Pictavia.
4. Fotla (or Athfotla): Atholl, the land of the Fotla tribe, was known for its picturesque landscapes, including valleys and rivers. The area’s natural resources, particularly timber and game, would have been vital for the tribe.
5. Fortriu (or Fortreim): One of the most powerful tribes, Fortriu controlled a significant portion of the central Highlands. This tribe played a central role in Pictish politics and was often involved in the power struggles that shaped Pictish history.
6. Cirig (or Ciricen): The Cirig tribe, in the regions of Angus and Mearns, governed an area known for its rich agricultural land. Their territory was crucial for the overall food production of the Pictish kingdom.
7. Fidach (or Fibh): Located in Moray and Ross, this tribe’s land was strategic due to its coastal access and varied terrain. It was likely an important area for both maritime and overland trade routes.

The remaining seven tribes, though subordinate, were integral to the fabric of Pictish society. Their names, as per historical records, were:

1. Photla (or Atholl): Different from Fotla, this tribe occupied a region known for its diverse landscape in central Scotland.
2. Got (or Cait): A tribe that shared its name with one of the principal tribes, possibly indicating a close relationship or shared ancestry.
3. Ce (or Ciricen): This tribe, like Got, shared its name with one of the principal tribes.
4. Fecir (or Fidach): Sharing its name with the tribe of Fidach, it could suggest a subdivision or closely allied group within the larger tribe.
5. Fotla (or Athfotla): Similar to Photla, this tribe’s name suggests a connection with the principal tribe of Fotla.
6. Circin (or Cirig): Likely a sub-group or closely related tribe to the principal Cirig tribe.
7. Fib (or Fibh): Sharing its name with one of the principal tribes, indicating a potential subdivision or alliance.

These tribes, both principal and subordinate, collectively formed the complex mosaic of Pictish society, each contributing to the cultural, political, and economic tapestry of ancient Scotland.