Origin of the Maxwell Surname

The Maxwell name, often disguised in its early forms as ‘Maccusville’ or ‘Maccuswell,’ traces its lineage back to a unique and seemingly humble beginning. The genesis of the name is attributed to a figure named Maccus, the son of Undwyn, a notable Saxon lord. Around 1150, Maccus secured a fishery by the Tweed, which was eventually named ‘Maccus’s well,’ or pool. This salmon pool, now known as Maxwheel, lent its name not only to the surrounding lands but also to the family that would become a significant force in Scottish history.s

In the early days of Scotland’s storied past, when surnames were still a developing concept, the Maxwells, like other families, were identified by their territorial holdings rather than a hereditary surname. This practice was particularly common among Celtic families, who often used a personal name followed by a non-hereditary ‘to-name’ indicative of their paternity, appearance, character, or occupation.

As the Maxwells settled in Dumfriesshire, they retained their territorial name, a testament to their adaptability and foresight. Unlike many who adapted to local customs and names, the Maxwells held onto their unique identity, derived from their original lands. This decision played a crucial role in establishing their lasting influence in the region.

The Maxwells rose to prominence in Dumfriesshire and Galloway, not just as landowners but as influential leaders. Their ascension to power is marked by strategic marriages, acquisitions of land, and significant roles in the governance of the region. They became sheriffs, justiciaries, and chamberlains, entwining their fate with the history of Scotland itself.

Over the centuries, the Maxwell clan’s impact stretched beyond the borders of their estates. They were integral to key historical events, from the Wars of Scottish Independence to the intricate politics of the Border Reivers. The Maxwells’ legacy is imprinted on the stones of Caerlaverock Castle, their ancestral seat, and in the annals of Scottish history.

The story of the Maxwell clan is a vivid illustration of how a name can carry the weight of history. From a simple salmon pool on the River Tweed to the halls of power in Dumfriesshire and Galloway, the Maxwells navigated the tides of time, leaving an indelible mark on Scottish heritage.

Adapted From: Houston, F. W. (1916). Maxwell history and including the allied families of Alexander, Allen, Bachiler, Batterton, Beveridge, Blaine, Brewster, Brown, Callender, Campbell, Carey, Clark, Cowan, Fox, Dinwiddie, Dunn, Eylar, Garretson, Gentry, Guthrie, Houston, Howard, Howe, Hughes, Hussey, Irvine, Johnson, Kimes, McCullough, Moore, Pemberton, Rosenmuller, Smith, Stapp, Teter, Tilford, Uzzell, Vawter, Ver Planck, Walker, Wiley, Wilson. Indianapolis, IN: C. E. Pauley & Co., Indianapolis Engraving Co.